Panorama and ambiguities of cultured meat: an integrative approach.

The purpose of this research was to identify, through a systematic review of the literature, the strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities of the production and commercialization of cultured meat, as well as to analyze the challenges to be faced by this new food biotechnology. For this, we analyzed 194 manuscripts published in the Scopus and Web of Science databases that dealt with cultured meat under the perspective of cellular agriculture, employing several nomenclatures. The results indicate that there is still no consensus in the literature about the strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities of cultured meat, which constitutes an emerging, multifaceted, and encouraging field of study, and a series of inferences have been made that provide insights into the knowledge analyzed. Finally, we propose an analytical model that combines sub-scenarios from which it becomes possible to understand and anticipate the direction of this new food biotechnology.

Economic and accounting evaluation of rice milled production chains in Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) and Uruguay with application of the Policy Analysis Matrix / Avaliação econômica e contábil das cadeias produtivas do arroz beneficiado no Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil) e Uruguai com aplicação da Matriz de Análise de Políticas

ABSTRACT: Rice is the basis of diet for almost half of the world population, and its culture is one of the strategic agroindustrial production chains in the agribusiness environment, in both economic and social levels. Thus, the comparative analysis between the production chains of rice milled in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil, and Uruguay was mainly motivated by the interest in knowing the differences in the business environment and public policies that impact the competitiveness of this chain in both study regions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the economic efficiency, competitiveness, and effects of public policies of the rice production chain of milled rice in RS (Brazil) relative to Uruguay. The data collected in this study are from the 2011-2012 harvests and indicators were calculated by applying the concepts of the policy analysis matrix (PAM). Results showed that the chains in both study regions were competitive under the existing market and policy conditions, revealed comparative advantage, transferred a high load of resources to other sectors of the economy, and satisfactorily remuneration of the domestic production factors. However, the competitiveness and comparative advantage shown in this study were not due to the encouraging intervention policies, as both production systems pay high taxes.

RESUMO: O arroz é a base da alimentação para quase metade da população mundial, e sua cultura se situa como uma das cadeias produtivas agroindustriais estratégicas no ambiente do agronegócio, tanto no nível econômico como no social. Assim, a análise comparativa entre as cadeias produtivas do arroz beneficiado no Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil e no Uruguai foi motivada, principalmente, pelo interesse em conhecer as diferenças no ambiente de negócios e nas políticas públicas que afetam a competitividade desta cadeia nas respectivas regiões. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficiência econômica, competitividade, e efeitos de políticas públicas da cadeia produtiva de arroz beneficiado no RS (Brasil) em relação ao Uruguai. Os dados coletados neste estudo são das safras de 2011-2012 e, os indicadores foram calculados aplicando os conceitos da matriz de análise de políticas (MAP). Os resultados mostraram que as cadeias em ambas as regiões de estudo foram competitivas sob as condições de mercado e políticas existentes, evidenciaram vantagem comparativa, transferiram alto volume de recursos para outros setores da economia, remunerando satisfatoriamente os fatores domésticos de produção. Entretanto, tal competitividade e vantagem comparativa demonstrada não se deveram às intervenções políticas de incentivo, pois ambos sistemas de produção pagam elevados tributos.

Novas estratégias de posicionamento na fidelização do consumidor infantil de alimentos processados / New positioning strategies for fidelization of child consumers of processed food

As crianças estão assumindo um papel cada vez mais importante nas decisões de consumo familiar em função de sua crescente influência e autonomia na escolha dos produtos adquiridos, o que as torna um segmento de mercado cada vez mais visado nas estratégias de marketing das empresas de produtos manufaturados. Essa dinâmica é particularmente importante no mercado de alimentos infantis, em que se estabelecem necessidades, às vezes contraditórias, de integrar a busca por alimentos saudáveis (pelos pais) saborosos e valorizados (muitas vezes em função de atributos extrínsecos) pelos filhos. Esta pesquisa evidenciou que a adoção de padrões de alimentação inadequados tem gerado a emergência de novos problemas de saúde na população infantil brasileira. Esse quadro é agravado por um contexto institucional marcado pelo conflito de parte do setor processador de alimentos e órgãos públicos de regulação - em particular no que diz respeito à competência de regular a publicidade de alimentos para esse segmento de consumidores. Ao largo desse debate, as empresas líderes no mercado de alimentos infantis, em grande parte multinacionais, procuram alinhar a oferta de alimentos cada vez mais saudáveis aos consumidores infanto-juvenis, atendendo uma tendência inexorável nesse setor. É inconcebível, portanto, que o estabelecimento de uma regulamentação rígida e específica sobre as informações veiculadas na propaganda e publicidade de alimentos, voltados ao público infantil, por órgãos públicos isentos, beneficiando não apenas os consumidores, mas também a empresa preocupada em garantir a boa qualidade de seus produtos, não represente uma bandeira comum do setor processador de alimentos no Brasil.

Children have taken an increasingly important role in consumption-related family decision-making due to a growing influence and autonomy in choosing the products to be bought, and this has turned them into a market segment that has is increasingly aimed at by marketing strategies of manufacturing companies. This dynamics is particularly important in the children food market, in which needs of integrating the search for foods that are both considered healthy (by the parents) and seen as tasteful and valued by the children (often because of extrinsic attributes) have been established, even though they can be sometimes regarded as contradictory. This research has evidenced that the adoption of inadequate nutrition patterns have caused the emergence of new health problems in the Brazilian children population. This picture has become more serious due to an institutional context marked by the conflict between the food processing industry and public regulation institutions - particularly concerning the competence to rule food advertising aimed at this consumer segment. Far from this debate, companies that are leaders in the children food market, most of which are multinational, attempt to align their offer of healthier foods to children and adolescent consumers, thus meeting an inexorable trend in this industry. Therefore, it is unconceivable that the establishment of a strict, specific regulation of the information provided in the advertisement and publicity of children food by impartial public institutions, not only benefitting consumers, but also the companies that are concerned about assuring the good quality of their products, does not represent a common purpose of the food processing industry in Brazil.